What is Password Spraying?

by Blog | Jun 5, 2025 | Cybersecurity

Password spraying is a complex type of cyberattack that uses weak passwords to get into multiple user accounts without permission. Using the same password or a list of passwords that are often used on multiple accounts is what this method is all about. The goal is to get around common security measures like account lockouts. 

Attacks that use a lot of passwords are very successful because they target the weakest link in cybersecurity, which is people and how they manage their passwords. This piece will explain how password spraying works, talk about how it’s different from other brute-force attacks, and look at ways to find and stop it. We will also look at cases from real life and talk about how businesses can protect themselves from these threats.

What Is Password Spraying And How Does It Work?

A brute-force attack called “password spraying” tries to get into multiple accounts with the same password. Attackers can avoid account shutdown policies with this method. These policies are usually put in place to stop brute-force attacks that try to access a single account with multiple passwords. For password spraying to work, a lot of people need to use weak passwords that are easy to figure out. 

Attackers often get lists of usernames from public directories or data leaks that have already happened. They then use the same passwords to try to log in to all of these accounts. Usually, the process is automated so that it can quickly try all possible pairs of username and password.

The attackers’ plan is to pick a small group of common passwords that at least some people in the target company are likely to use. These passwords are usually taken from lists of common passwords that are available to the public, or they are based on information about the group, like the name or location of the company. Attackers lower their chances of being locked out while increasing their chances of successfully logging in by using the same set of passwords for multiple accounts.

A lot of people don’t notice password spraying attacks because they don’t cause as much suspicious behavior as other types of brute-force attacks. The attack looks less dangerous because only one password is used at a time, so it might not set off any instant alarms. But if these attempts are made on multiple accounts, they can have a terrible effect if they are not properly tracked and dealt with.

Password spraying has become popular among hackers, even those working for the government, in recent years. Because it is so easy to do and works so well to get around security measures, it is a major threat to both personal and business data security. As cybersecurity improves, it will become more important to understand and stop password spraying threats.

In the next section, we’ll discuss how password spraying differs from other types of cyberattacks and explore strategies for its detection.

How Does Password Spraying Differ from Other Cyberattacks?

Password spraying is distinct from other brute-force attacks in its approach and execution. While traditional brute-force attacks focus on trying multiple passwords against a single account, password spraying uses a single password across multiple accounts. This difference allows attackers to avoid triggering account lockout policies, which are designed to protect against excessive login attempts on a single account.

Understanding Brute-Force Attacks

Brute-force attacks involve systematically trying all possible combinations of passwords to gain access to an account. These attacks are often resource-intensive and can be easily detected due to the high volume of login attempts on a single account.

Comparing Credential Stuffing

Credential stuffing is another type of brute-force attack that involves using lists of stolen username and password combinations to attempt logins. Unlike password spraying, credential stuffing relies on previously compromised credentials rather than guessing common passwords.

The Stealthy Nature of Password Spraying

Password spraying attacks are stealthier than traditional brute-force attacks because they distribute attempts across many accounts, making them harder to detect. This stealthiness is a key factor in their effectiveness, as they can often go unnoticed until significant damage has been done.

In the next section, we’ll explore how organizations can detect and prevent these attacks.

How Can Organizations Detect and Prevent Password Spraying Attacks?

Detecting password spraying attacks requires a proactive approach to monitoring and analysis. Organizations must implement robust security measures to identify suspicious activities early on. This includes monitoring for unusual login attempts, establishing baseline thresholds for failed logins, and using advanced security tools to detect patterns indicative of password spraying.

Implementing Strong Password Policies

Enforcing strong, unique passwords for all users is crucial in preventing password spraying attacks. Organizations should adopt guidelines that ensure passwords are complex, lengthy, and regularly updated. Tools like password managers can help users generate and securely store strong passwords.

Deploying Multi-Factor Authentication

Multi-factor authentication (MFA) significantly reduces the risk of unauthorized access by requiring additional verification steps beyond just a password. Implementing MFA across all user accounts, especially those accessing sensitive information, is essential for protecting against password spraying.

Conducting Regular Security Audits

Regular audits of authentication logs and security posture assessments can help identify vulnerabilities that could facilitate password spraying attacks. These audits should focus on detecting trends that automated tools might miss and ensuring that all security measures are up-to-date and effective.

In the next section, we’ll discuss additional strategies for protecting against these threats.

What Additional Measures Can Be Taken to Enhance Security?

Beyond the core strategies of strong passwords and MFA, organizations can take several additional steps to enhance their security posture against password spraying attacks. This includes configuring security settings to detect and respond to suspicious login attempts, educating users about password security, and implementing incident response plans.

Enhancing Login Detection

Organizations should set up detection systems for login attempts to multiple accounts from a single host over a short period. This can be a clear indicator of a password spraying attempt. Implementing stronger lockout policies that balance security with usability is also crucial.

Educating Users

User education plays a vital role in preventing password spraying attacks. Users should be informed about the risks of weak passwords and the importance of MFA. Regular training sessions can help reinforce best practices in password management and security awareness.

Incident Response Planning

Having a comprehensive incident response plan in place is essential for quickly responding to and mitigating the effects of a password spraying attack. This plan should include procedures for alerting users, changing passwords, and conducting thorough security audits.

Taking Action Against Password Spraying

Password spraying is a significant threat to cybersecurity that exploits weak passwords to gain unauthorized access to multiple accounts. Organizations must prioritize strong password policies, multi-factor authentication, and proactive monitoring to protect against these attacks. By understanding how password spraying works and implementing robust security measures, businesses can safeguard their data and systems from these sophisticated cyber threats.

To enhance your organization’s cybersecurity and protect against password spraying attacks, consider reaching out to us. We specialize in providing expert guidance and solutions to help you strengthen your security posture and ensure the integrity of your digital assets. Contact us today to learn more about how we can assist you in securing your systems against evolving cyber threats.

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Featured Image Credit

This Article has been Republished with Permission from The Technology Press.

7 New and Tricky Types of Malware to Watch Out For

by Blog | May 15, 2025 | Cybersecurity

Malware is a huge threat in the digital world. It can cause a lot of damage and cost people a lot of money. As technology advances, so do the tactics used by cybercriminals. In this article, we will explore some of the newest and trickiest types of malware.

7 Malware Threats to Watch Out For

Malware keeps getting more complex and harder to detect. Here are seven new and tricky types of malware that you should know about:

1. Polymorphic Malware

Polymorphic malware is a type of malware that changes its code every time it replicates. This makes it hard for antivirus software to detect because it looks different each time. Polymorphic malware uses an encryption key to change its shape and signature. It combines a mutation engine with self-propagating code to change its appearance continuously and rapidly morph its code.

This malware consists of two main parts: an encrypted virus body and a virus decryption routine. The virus body changes its shape, while the decryption routine remains the same and decrypts and encrypts the other part. This makes it easier to detect polymorphic malware compared to metamorphic malware, but it can still quickly evolve into a new version before anti malware detects it.

Criminals use obfuscation techniques to create polymorphic malware. These include: 

• dead-code insertion
• subroutine reordering
• register reassignment
• instruction substitution
• code transposition
• code integration

These techniques make it harder for antivirus programs to detect the malware. Polymorphic malware has been used in several notable attacks, where it spread rapidly and evaded detection by changing its form frequently. This type of malware is particularly challenging because it requires advanced detection methods beyond traditional signature-based scanning.

2. Fileless Malware

Fileless malware is malicious software that works without planting an actual file on the device. Over 70% of malware attacks do not involve any files. It is written directly into the short-term memory (RAM) of the computer. This type of malware exploits the device’s resources to execute malicious activities without leaving a conventional trace on the hard drive.

Fileless malware typically starts with a phishing email or other phishing attack. The email contains a malicious link or attachment that appears legitimate but is designed to trick the user into interacting with it. Once the user clicks on the link or opens the attachment, the malware is activated and runs directly in RAM. It often exploits vulnerabilities in software like document readers or browser plugins to get into the device.

After entering the device, fileless malware uses trusted operating system administration tools like PowerShell or Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) to connect to a remote command and control center. From there, it downloads and executes additional malicious scripts, allowing attackers to perform further harmful activities directly within the device’s memory. Fileless malware can exfiltrate data, sending stolen information to attackers and potentially spreading across the network to access and compromise other devices or servers. This type of malware is particularly dangerous because it can operate without leaving any files behind, making it difficult to detect using traditional methods.

3. Advanced Ransomware

Ransomware is a sophisticated form of malware designed to hold your data hostage by encrypting it. Advanced ransomware now targets not just individual computers but entire networks. It uses strong encryption methods and often steals sensitive data before encrypting it. This adds extra pressure on victims to pay the ransom because their data could be leaked publicly if they don’t comply.

Ransomware attacks typically start with the installation of a ransomware agent on the victim’s computer. This agent encrypts critical files on the computer and any attached file shares. After encryption, the ransomware displays a message explaining what happened and how to pay the attackers. If the victims pay, they are promised a code to unlock their data.

Advanced ransomware attacks have become more common, with threats targeting various sectors, including healthcare and critical infrastructure. These attacks can cause significant financial losses and disrupt essential services.

4. Social Engineering Malware

Social engineering malware tricks people into installing it by pretending to be something safe. It often comes in emails or messages that look real but are actually fake. This type of malware relies on people making mistakes rather than exploiting technical weaknesses.

Social engineering attacks follow a four-step process: information gathering, establishing trust, exploitation, and execution. Cybercriminals gather information about their victims, pose as legitimate individuals to build trust, exploit that trust to collect sensitive information, and finally achieve their goal, such as gaining access to online accounts.

5. Rootkit Malware

Rootkit malware is a program or collection of malicious software tools that give attackers remote access to and control over a computer or other system. Although rootkits have some legitimate uses, most are used to open a backdoor on victims’ systems to introduce malicious software or use the system for further network attacks.

Rootkits often attempt to prevent detection by deactivating endpoint antimalware and antivirus software. They can be installed during phishing attacks or through social engineering tactics, giving remote cybercriminals administrator access to the system. Once installed, a rootkit can install viruses, ransomware, keyloggers, or other types of malware, and even change system configurations to maintain stealth.

6. Spyware

Spyware is malicious software designed to enter your computer device, gather data about you, and forward it to a third-party without your consent. Spyware can monitor your activities, steal your passwords, and even watch what you type. It often affects network and device performance, slowing down daily user activities.

Spyware infiltrates devices via app install packages, malicious websites, or file attachments. It captures data through keystrokes, screen captures, and other tracking codes, then sends the stolen data to the spyware author. The information gathered can include login credentials, credit card numbers, and browsing habits.

7. Trojan Malware

Trojan malware is a sneaky type of malware that infiltrates devices by camouflaging as a harmless program. Trojans are hard to detect, even if you’re extra careful. They don’t self-replicate, so most Trojan attacks start with tricking the user into downloading, installing, and executing the malware.

Trojans can delete files, install additional malware, modify data, copy data, disrupt device performance, steal personal information, and send messages from your email or phone number. They often spread through phishing scams, where scammers send emails from seemingly legitimate business email addresses.

Protect Yourself from Malware

Protecting yourself from malware requires using the right technology and being aware of the risks. By staying informed and proactive, you can significantly reduce the risk of malware infections. If you need help safeguarding your digital world, contact us today for expert advice.

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Featured Image Credit

This Article has been Republished with Permission from The Technology Press.